In a human tissue cross-sectional analysis, NAD+ levels were approximately half as high by age 50 compared with young-adult baseline — a decline documented directly in human samples (Massudi et al., cited in Covarrubias et al., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2021).
Cross-sectional human tissue analysis; approximate values from Massudi et al., cited in Covarrubias et al. 2021.









