A bioinformatic analysis of human gene-expression databases found GHK-Cu associated with altered expression of 4,192 human genes — spanning collagen biosynthesis, antioxidant response, and tissue-repair pathways — suggesting an unusually broad transcriptional footprint for a single peptide.
Proportion of the ~20,000 protein-coding human genes with expression altered in the GHK-Cu transcriptomic analysis (bioinformatic model; not a clinical finding).









